Education
Yemen's constitution grants all citizens the right to an education. Nevertheless , the country's educational system, , still fails to reach a large part of the population, especially girls. Public schools exist in larger towns and cities, and children in most rural areas attend Islamic religious schools. Secondary schools in Yemen funnel many students into Sana'a University (1970) and the University of Aden (1975).
Transportation and Communications
Yemen has international airports in Sana‘a, Aden, Ta‘izz, and Al Ḩudaydah, and a good domestic air system. The ports at Aden and Al Ḩudaydah provide access to major sea routes. A network of paved roads is replacing old dirt tracks, a process that began in the 1960s. Trucks and cars are widely used for land transportation, although some Yemenis still use donkeys and camels. Since unification in 1990 the government has worked to extend utilities such as electricity, water, and sewage disposal to all Yemenis, and to make telephone service, radio, and television more widely available. A state-run broadcasting corporation operates several radio and television stations. Several daily newspapers are published in Yemen.
Customary Crafts of Yemen :
These artisans are making jambiyas, which are the daggers carried by most Yemeni men. Many of the country’s laborers are craftspeople who work in small one-room shops. Noted since ancient times for their textiles, leatherwork, and ironwork, Yemeni craftspeople still dye and weave beautiful cloth. They also make rope, glassware, jewelry, brassware, pottery, harnesses, saddles, and wooden chests. Some sell their wares in village bazaars, while others trade in the market districts of larger cities.
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Yemeni Women:
Two women pass each other near the well at Dhī Bīn, a small hillside village in northwestern Yemen. Water scarcity is a chronic problem in many areas of Yemen.
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Coffee Town of Mocha :
A shopper sifts through coffee beans in the southwest Yemeni town of Mocha. A city whose name has become synonymous with chocolate-laced coffee, Mocha was a thriving port when coffee was the country's main export and principal source of foreign exchange. Today coffee-bean plants share irrigated land with khat, the leaves of which contain a mild stimulant, which is chewed by Yemenis but not exported.
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Yemeni Farmer:
A farmer tends his harvest. The hills and highlands of northwestern Yemen boast the most productive farmland of this hot, dry country. Farmers here grow a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, durra (grain sorghum), fruits, beans, lentils, onions, and tomatoes. Coffee and khat.
cash crops. In recent years, the people of Yemen have worked to turn desert areas into farmland by the use of dams, irrigation, and other agricultural projects.
Preparing a Meal, Yemen
Nearly all of the population of Yemen is of Arab descent and most are Muslim. Here, a man and woman in traditional garments prepare the evening meal.
Yemeni Man with Khat:
A Yemeni man holds a bag of khat (qat) . In Yemen, khat is a primary cash crop but has no export value. Much of Yemen's farmland-once used for growing coffee, a major export-has been turned over to the production of the popular and addictive plant..
Preparing a Meal, Yemen:
Nearly all of the population of Yemen is of Arab descent and most are Muslim. Here, a man and woman in traditional garments prepare the evening meal.
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People of Yemen
Population
23,013,376 (2008 estimate)
Population density
44 persons per sq km
Largest cities,
Sana‘a, Aden, Ta‘izz,
Official language
Arabic
Chief religious affiliations
Muslim, including Shafi'i (Sunni Muslim) and Zaydi (Shia Muslim), 99 percentOther (including Hindu and Christian), 1 percent
** Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Most inhabitants of Yemen are ethnic Arabs, although there exist relatively small communities of Africans, South Asians, and Europeans. People of different regions of Yemen are culturally distinct. Many of the inhabitants of Hadhramaut reflect the cultural and genetic influence of Southeast Asia with which the district has historic commercial ties. Those Yemenis living in the coastal lowlands reflect the racial and cultural influences of nearby Africa. Cosmopolitan Aden, which Britain ruled as part of India from the mid-1800s through the early 1900s, still bears traces of the culture of the Indian subcontinent.
A significant minority of the population is organized into tribes, and for many Yemenis tribal identity is of primary importance. This is particularly true in the northern highlands, where the sheikhs of several individual tribes and two large tribal confederations, the Hashid and Bakil, can still mobilize large numbers in defense of tribal interests. Virtually all of the inhabitants of northern Yemen are sedentary, meaning they have fixed homes and do not move from place to place like nomads. A slightly smaller percentage is sedentary in the south. A small number of nomadic pastoralists can be found on the edge of the desert far to the east. Although Yemen has traditionally been characterized by a stratified social system marked by castelike groups at the top and bottom, this structure is breaking down as economic opportunities become available and new social ideas come to prevail.
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